Cessna Headquarters, Wichita, Kansas Essay

The words â€Å"Cessna Skyhawk† have special meaning for anyone who has ever wanted to learn to fly. At 27 feet long and 8 feet tall, with a 36-foot wingspan, a 140 mph cruising speed, and room for two adults and their luggage, more people have learned to fly with a Cessna Skyhawk than with any other plane in aviation history. In fact, the Cessna Skyhawk is the best-selling plane of all time. Clyde Cessna built his first plane in 1911, and Cessna became a storied name in aviation. Cessna built 750 gliders for the army in World War II, introduced the Skyhawk in 1956, produced the first turbo-charged and cabin-pressurized single-engine planes in the 1960s, delivered its first business jet in the 1970s, topped $1 billion in sales in the 1980s, and then, in one of the worst downturns in the history of aviation business, nearly went out of business over the next decade and a half. Sales of general aviation aircraft, which had topped out at 17,000 planes per year, dropped to 12,000 planes within a year, and over the next decade finally hit rock bottom at 928 planes for the entire industry. During the same time, Cessna’s sales of piston-engine planes, like the Skyhawk, dropped from 8,000 per year to just 600. Cessna was forced to lay off 75 percent of the employees at its piston-engine plane factories (Cessna also makes business jets and larger planes) and eventually stopped making piston-engine planes altogether. However, after the economy improved and the U.S. government approved the General Aviation Revitalization Act (barring product liability lawsuits on any plane over 18 years old), Cessna decided to start building its legendary Skyhawks again.

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory Essay

The contingency Theory shows the relationship between the leader’s orientation or style and group performance under differing situational conditions. The theory is based on determining the orientation of a leader ( relationship or task ), the elements of the situation ( leader-member relations, task structure and leader position power), and the leader orientation that was found to be most effective as the situation changed from low to moderate to high control. Fred Edward Fiedler in his landmark 1964 article, â€Å" A contingency of Leadership Effectiveness. studied and emphasized the importance of both the leader’s personality and the situation in which that leader operates. Fiedler found that task oriented leaders were more effective in low and moderate control situations and relationship oriented managers were more effective in moderate control situations. Fiedler and his associates studied leaders in a variety of contexts but mostly in military context and their mo del is based on their research findings. They outlined two styles of leadership namely task-motivated and relationship-motivated. Task refers to task accomplishment, and relationship-motivation refers to interpersonal relationships. He measured leadership style leadership style with the Least Preferred Co-Worker scale (LPC scale ). According to Northouse ( 2007 ), the leaders scoring high on this scale are relationship motivated and those scoring low are task motivated. Northhouse further indicated that, central to contingency theory is the concept of the situation, which is characterized by three factors. One, leader-member relations which deals with the general atmosphere of the group and the feelings such as trust, loyalty and confidence that the group has for its leader. Two, task structure, which is related to task clarity and the means to task accomplishment. Three, the position power, which relates to the amount of reward-punishment authority the leader has over members of the group. These three factors determine the favorableness of various situations in the organization. Definitions of factors in Contingency Theory Situational elements One, is the leader-member relations. The regard with which the leader and the group members hold one another determines in part, the ability of the leader to influence the group and the conditions under which he or she can do so. It therefore follows that a leader who is accepted by the group members is in a more favorable situation than one who is not. Two, is the task structure which is determined by the following questions in mind; can a decision be demonstrated as correct? , are the the requirements of the task of the task understood by everyone? , is there more than one correct solution?. If the group’s task is not structured, and if the leader is no more knowledgeable than the group about how to accomplish the task, the situation definitely becomes unfavorable. The third factor is the leader position power. This is determined by the rewards and punishments which the leader officially has at his or her disposal for either rewarding or punishing the group members based on how they perform. The more power the leader has, the more favorable the situation. Leader Orientation Fiedler used the Least Preferred Co-worker scale commonly known as LPC scale to measure leadership style. LPC helps management identify the human relations orientation and task orientation of possible leaders. He analyses leader orientation as follows. One of the factors is relationship orientation in which he said that high LPC leaders are more concerned with personal relations, more sensitive to the feelings of others, and better of heading off conflict. Such leaders use their good relations with others to get a job done. This also enables them to deal with complex issues when making decisions. These leaders tend to have an LPC score of 73 and above. In high control situations, these leaders tend to become bored and are no longer challenged. They tend to seek approval from their superiors ignoring their subordinates or they may decide to reorganize he task. They often become inconsiderate toward their subordinates as a result, become more punishing and more concerned with performance of the task. In moderate control situations, they focus on group relations. They reduce the anxiety and tension of group members and thus reduce conflict. They handle creative decision making groups well. They see this situation as challenging and interesting and perform it well in it. Lastly, in low control situations, they always try to obtain group support often at the expense of the task. In fact under extremely stressful situations, they may also withdraw from leadership role, failing to direct the group’s work. The second factor is task oriented. According to Fiedler, the LPC score for leaders here is 64 and below. Low LPC leaders are more concerned with the task, and less dependent on group support. They tend to be eager and impatient to get on with work. They quickly organize the job and have a no-nonsense attitude about getting the work done. In moderate control situations, they are anxious and less effective. They become absorbed in the task and pay little attention to personal relations in the group. They tend to be insensitive to the feelings of their group members, and the group resents the lack of concern. However, in high control situations, these leaders are relaxed and develop pleasant relations with subordinates and they are easy to get along with. As work gets done, they do not interfere with the group or expect interference from their superiors. And lastly in low control situations, the leaders devote themselves to their challenging task. They organize and drive the group to task completion. They also tend to control the group tightly and maintain strict discipline. Fiedler and associates concluded that if a leader’s LPC scores fall between 65 and 72, then the leader must carefully analyze their leadership style as they learn more about the relationship oriented and task oriented styles. However, it is important to note that there is no single leadership style that is effective in all situations. Rather, certain leadership styles are better suited for some situations than for others. Fiedler further pointed out that the effectiveness of the leader is contingent upon the orientation of the leader and the favorableness of the situation.

Voltaire’s Candide Relevant to Modern Society

Dimattia, Devin English 12 AP Period 2 Gonzalez 10-5-11 Does Voltaire’s Candide connect to Modern Society? The tone and theme of Candide, a classic work of literature, make the novel relevant to today's modern world. These two elements of the story bring the classic to life for new generations to relate to as they read it. The satiric story unites a new generation of modern readers to a historical past as they identify with both the theme and tone of the novel as a whole. The tone of Voltaire's highly satirical work is humorously hopeless, and the tone is humorous because Candide and his fellow characters grasp the idea, set forth by the philosopher Pangloss, that â€Å"everything is for the best† and there is â€Å"the best of both possible worlds. † This blind optimism is negated time after time through the misfortunes that Candide and the rest of the story's characters experience, yet the characters press on with their hopelessly positive attitudes throughout their lives. When confronted with the bleak realities of the horrors of life by a scholar, Candide only replies, â€Å"I've seen worse, but a wise man, who later had the misfortune to be hanged, taught me that such things are exactly as they should be: they're the shadows in a beautiful picture. † This tone is achieved by the horrific events that the characters of Candide endure and their disinclination to accept the idea that, maybe, they really are doomed, and not all is actually for the best. The reader is inclined to give up on hope long before any of the characters do. For example, Candide loses his beloved Pangloss and the kind Anabaptist on his journey to the utopian Eldorado, gets beaten and whipped, kills more than one person, and suffers numerous other misfortunes while still concluding that all is still for the best because he can still find Cunegonde. After Pangloss is hanged, dissected, beaten, and made to row in a galley, he still believes that everything is for the best. Candide asks him, â€Å"Tell me, dear Pangloss †¦ id you still think that everything was for the best in this world? † And Pangloss replies, â€Å"I still hold my original opinions†. He goes on to say that his reasoning is due to the fact that he is a philosopher and it would be wrong to take back what he had said. Also, at the end of the novel, Candide, Cunegonde, Pangloss, and the Old Woman all decide that they are well-off where they are and that they may as well tend the ir garden, disregarding every horrible thing that they have had to experience in their pasts. Pangloss portrayed this best when he said to Candide at the end, â€Å"All events are inter-connected in this best of all possible worlds, for if you hadn't been driven from a beautiful castle with hard kicks in the behind because of your love for Lady Cunegonde, if you hadn't been seized by the Inquisition, if you hadn't wandered over America on foot, if you hadn't thrust your sword through the baron, and if you hadn't lost all your sheep from the land of Eldorado, you wouldn't be here eating candied citrons and pistachio nuts. This final note of proof of their perpetual optimism is consistent with the tone, where Cunegonde is ugly, the Old Woman is disagreeable, and none of the characters are very happy, yet they all continue to busy themselves with something to do and continue being hopeful. â€Å"The whole group entered into this commendable plan, and each began to exercise his own talents. The theme of Candide is that life is utterly unfair and will continue to give everyone a rough time despite a person's attitude of hope or a faith in everything being for the best. This prominent theme is shown over and over again as Candide and his companions suffer innumerable misfortunes and tragedies even through the existence of their collectively strong belief that everything will turn out for the best. Each character is traumatized and miserable most of the time. Some are even thought to be dead several times. By the end of the novel, the reader is almost in awe that Candide and the others have not given up on life entirely. The reader ultimately sees that it is hopeless to think that things will turn out well for the characters. However, it is also impossible to believe that they will not continue to live, learn, and try to be happy nonetheless.

Management of Information Technology. How can you improve Starbucks Essay

Management of Information Technology. How can you improve Starbucks with the use of IT (you have to use Porter's 5 and Porter's - Essay Example ... 5. Conclusion............................................................................................................... References EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Starbucks operates in a market environment where competitive rivalry is intensive and where differentiation of product offerings characterises market position. Starbucks is currently challenged by major competitors such as Costa and Pret-a-Manger that are each positioned differently depending on service conceptions and emphasis placed on satisfying customers. Starbucks currently utilises a premiumisation strategy, built on years of brand establishment and the ability of the business to express quality and human capital talent to make this business stand out from competition. In a market environment where changing consumer attitudes and lifestyles dictate the level of competitive responsiveness from key market players in this industry, the company must remain focused on the marketing function as the primary competitive advantages . Research into Starbucks identified many opportunities for where information technology could provide competitive advantages. These opportunities include linking technology to the marketing and branding functions, to improve human resources efficiency and training, and by opening lines of real-time communication with internal staff members and external supply chain partners. It is recommended that the business establish IT systems in areas of brand development, procurement, and for human capital development to achieve better market presence and brand reputation. How to improve Starbucks with IT 1. Introduction Starbucks is a global coffee company that has, in recent years, diversified its business strategies, procurement models, and market positioning in order to gain competitive advantages. Starbucks currently maintains 793 stores in the United Kingdom selling coffee beans, hot and cold beverages, snacks and sandwiches, as well as books, music, and a variety of Starbucks branded m erchandise offerings (Starbucks 2012). The company, in 2011, boasted revenues of approximately 14 billion USD, a significant accomplishment for a business that operates in very saturated competitive marketplaces and offers products that have reached their maturity against the product life cycle model. 2. Five Forces Analysis In the United Kingdom, Starbucks maintains very powerful competition with such major coffee houses as Costa and Pret-a-Manger. Costa, the second largest coffee house in the world, currently holds 37.6 percent of market share in this industry in the UK, backed by the notable cash and capital resources of its parent company Whitbread Plc. These main competitors continue to use their strong brand positioning to maintain consumer loyalty in key markets, representing significant competitive threats to Starbucks. Under Porter’s Five Forces model, there are several threats to maintaining current market leader position for this mature business model. The most sig nificant threat in this market is the degree of rivalry that exists between main competitors, associated with brand personality and associated promotions to gain consumer loyalty. Starbucks operates in an oligopoly, a market characterised by only a handful of major competitors and where competitive promotions and branding strategies influence competitive responses (Boyes and Melvin 2005). In this market, switching costs for consumers are very low, thus the intensity of competitive promo

Short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short - Essay Example For an industry to succeed in a competitive market, it should focus on two common trainings, the general management training and functional training. The main aim of training is to offer cordial services which reflect friendly and warmth required in a highly competitive market. Training also maintains the image of self-assurance and influence in the employees’ mind. As per my understanding, in a commercial aviation, comprehensive training motivate the employees by providing them with information on the expectation of the industry, skills of handling passengers as well as the regulations that guides the operation in an industry. The second main motivator to my success in a competitive commercial aviation is the creation of high-performance service delivery team. A good number of aviation services require teamwork to necessitate the delivery of impeccable services to customers. Effectual teamwork in aviation industry in most cases facilitates skills and knowledge sharing among t eam members. On the other hand, I am also motivated to work in a competitive aviation industry by recognition and recompense for a mission well accomplished. Apt reward system forms the key policy for motivation in an industry. ... Explain. I am comfortable in working with students from different cultural, political, social, racial, and religion backgrounds. My past experiences have helped me in coming up with several ways of adopting with people from different backdrop. In my initial stage of coping with students from diverse background, I will create a conscious decision aimed at establishing tangible friendship. In developing a substantial friendship with people from different background, I will make sure that, I understand the cultural diversity of people in my presence. After identifying the existing background, I will place myself in a situation which will facilitate meetings with students from different cultural settings. Attending meetings, celebrations as well as looking for other resourceful means of meeting students from different background will assist me in interacting with many students from different cultural background. I will then identify the biasness and misconceptions relating to different c ultural background. To facilitate cordial relationship with people from different cultural backgrounds, the understanding of cultural misinformation is extremely crucial. The understanding of other student’s cultural misconception will help me in asking relevant question concerning their views, customs, and culture. To get a deep understanding on cultural background of different students, reviewing of their culture and history literature is also vital. On the other hand, to cope well with people from different cultural background, it is important to listen to other people history, show a sense of caring, understand different communication values and styles, make a risk of making mistakes as well as

Marketing Services Versus Products Part II Assignment

Marketing Services Versus Products Part II - Assignment Example Other similarities and differences between products and services include the fact that products are tangible whereas services are intangible by nature and that both products and services can be promoted through advertising and public relations. The fact that products are tangible significantly affect the customization of products in the sense that customization of products allows the end-users to customize the product physically based on what they have specified. Customization of services is much more different in the sense that it focuses on the provision of easy ordering and faster delivery service to the customers. It is important to note that standardization and customization are two different things when it comes to developing the quality of service. For example, as compared to standardization, customized service allows the customers to enjoy more flexibility when it comes to service they receive from the provider (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2013). It means that standardized services are less flexible. In relation to the marketing mix, Reggie mentioned that both products and services should satisfy the need requirements of each customer. For instance, products which refer to both products (i.e. smart phone) and services (i.e. legal services) should create positive experience to each customer whereas promotion should advertise or create public awareness about the quality and uniqueness of the company’s products and services. Additional similarities between the marketing of products and services include the fact that both products and services can be differentiated through branding (Perreault, Cannon, & McCarthy, 2014). Differences between the marketing of products and services include the fact that products can be marketed through its packaging but not in the case of marketing services. Therefore, the marketing of tangible items like washing machine can be customized through its packaging but not

Is Buddhism Truly Compatible With Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Is Buddhism Truly Compatible With Science - Essay Example A focal idea is the statement that "everything is produced through mind" (Verhoeven, 2001). b. Buddhism was a moral perfect free of superstitions. i. Buddhism adjusted to the logical perspective of a requested universe ruled by law (Dharma)ii. Buddhism's perspective of the existing universe does not include heavenly mediation (karma) (Verhoeven, 2001). c. Buddhism was a religion of self improvement. i. Buddhism gets rid of the idea of a preeminent being, as does science. ii. Buddhism clarifies the inceptions and workings of the universe regarding regular law (Verhoeven, 2001). 2. No, Buddhism cannot be fully compatible with science. a. Science is taking into account experimental confirmation while Buddhism is focused the subject of "mind". i. Mind is a matter that cannot be measured (Verhoeven, 2001). ii. Mind cannot be approved observationally by an outsider (Verhoeven, 2001). iii. Such investigation cannot be compatible with experimental science. Connection of man to the world an d of the one who knows to the known. i. Buddhism is in light of a thought of non-duality (Verhoeven, 2001). ii. Buddhism prevents numerous from claiming these fundamental refinements that are vital to Western science. c. Science is keen on the exact examination of the material world, while Buddhism, as a religion, focuses on the inner world. i. Buddhism goes for the inward world: moral, otherworldly, mental, and scholarly (Verhoeven, 2001).

Problem, search and selection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problem, search and selection - Research Paper Example In Australia, over 1000 people died in 2005 as a result of lower limb ulceration. This was a representation of 8% of people who died of diabetes that year. Every year 10,000 patients with diabetes ulcer foot are admitted in hospitals (Diabetes Australian, 2005, p.7). Diabetic foot infections occur as a result of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the only way to arrest the ulcers is to arrest bacteria reaction until the wound is healed (Molan, 2006, p.40). One of the effective remedies established to treat diabetes foot ulcers is honey. Clinic studies found that honey has a high anti-bacterial activity making it suitable treatment for bacteria that is anti-biotic resistance (Taks, 2007, p.54). Honey has an antioxidant that provides an anti-inflammatory reaction causing the wound to heal without inflaming the ulcers (Eddy and Gideonsen, 2005, p.533). Patients come to the hospital with serious wounds showing no progress insist on honey treatment, wounds are dressed under the supervision of O.R superintendent at the hospital. The honey treatment has appealed to many clinicians at the hospitals because of its wound healing effects. There is currently no specific research at my institution but this unconventional way of treating wounds may attract attention due to its healing properties. It has been found by French, cooper and Molan (2005, p.228) that wounds heal faster if given due attention. Honey has been used for years for wound treatment and in this case diabetic foot ulcers yet this traditional treatment has barely been recognized in clinical circles. There is need to establish in the clinic practice an effective therapy for foot ulcers (Pierre, 2008, p.342). II.Why honey works well on diabetic ulcers According to Gottrup, Apelaqvist and Price, (2010, p.239) if a wound is infected it will not heal. Too much bacteria stops the cells responsible for repairing the wound from growing. The bacteria’s outer coat also causes inflammation to the wound preventing it from healing. Serious wound infections that do not respond to therapy lead to amputations to stop the wound from spreading. Reports reach clinicians on the use of honey for clearing wounds but most claim it is not yet an assurity (Gottrup, Apelaqvist and Price, 2010, p.239). Because of a lack of a clear benchmark to treat diabetes foot ulcers, the hospital checks wound progress and if there is no improvement the patients are referred to an MFCT department. During treatment the hospital to stop infection educate the patients on importance of self care and foot inspection. Most patients with extreme wounds fear the risk of having their limbs amputated. The debridement, wound dressing, offloading, good glycaemic control, potential antibiotic therapy and vesicular intervention sometimes fail to treat the foot ulcers making the wounds deteriorate which leads to disfigurement, burns or amputation. In 1999 Capilano, Australia’s largest honey company came up with honey products a nd sold it to pharmacies, clinics and hospitals for medicinal purposes. The main aim was to use the honey products for healing untreatable wounds, ulcers and burns (Diabetes Australia, 2005, p.7). The therapy instead of going through the four stages, it arrests the problem at the inflammation stage. The anti-oxidant in honey was discovered two millenniums ago and that is why it is used to treat sunburn Gottrup, Apelaqvi

More Efficient Software System for the University Research Proposal - 1

More Efficient Software System for the University - Research Proposal Example Apart from direct cost implications, the current system forces the University personnel to work overtime in an effort to clear up work baggage. This unfolding is not only inconveniencing to the staff but also results in additional costs of labor for the overtime work. In line with the above challenges facing the current computer system used in the University, I have opted to present a proposal of that, if implemented, will see the entire system replaced with a more efficient software system. The new system targets to improve efficiency in all University departments by minimizing on the cost of maintenance, enhance the rate and quality of service delivery and minimize the instances that University staff is forced to work overtime (Miner, J. T., and Miner, L. E., 2008). The Problems Related to the Previous System The University has in recent years seen an unprecedented rise in the number of students enrolled for various programs. According to the records from the admissions department, the total number of in-session students at any moment is estimated to stand at 10,000. In relation to the system used to serve these students, it is undeniable that its capacity is by far being outstretched. The current system was installed when the university was starting implying it was meant to serve just but a few numbers of the students in the University at the time. As such, the current system has become exceedingly slow thanks to the high number of records it has to keep. This has resulted in unnecessary and frequent delays in most of the departments. The consequence is that both the students and staff end up wasting their precious time which could otherwise be utilized in some constructive businesses. Secondly, it is not unusual for a student to visit the finance department only to be informed that the system has either crushed or developed delays and, therefore, they should come sometime later. The cumulative impact of these cases results in excessive commotion when the ex am period approaches as students scramble to get clearance from the accounts department. It is also at such moments when errors are magnified and the system could end up breaking completely. Suggested Solutions To resolve the almost perennial challenges experienced in most of the University departments, it is imperative for the University to totally overhaul the entire computer and software system and replace it with a more efficient system. Therefore, I propose that the University considers replacing the current computer system with new hardware as well as software. I further propose that the new computerized system is purchased from Systemic Company. Systemic Company is one of the renowned and dealers in computer hardware and software. If the system is installed, the University would be guaranteed of better returns with minimum cases of hiccups. To facilitate stable operational activities and processes in the University Finance department, an efficient and trust worth the computer system needs to be implemented. Such a system could be in form of application software that permits the management, tracking, and reporting of all processes that takes places in the department. Systemic Software is designed to achieve this purpose.

Firewall and Service Management on Linux Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Firewall and Service Management on Linux - Essay Example If the system is connecting to other systems for the purpose of sending data out, for any number of possible reasons, including data theft, or participation in a botnet as an example. netstat - an option lists all listening ports of TCP and UDP connections. It might be useful sometimes to be able to list them all when analyzing a client’s system, given that it gives the big picture. However, when context is needed, some more filtering should be done to get a better idea of the issues one is dealing with. Thus other commands need to be used in order to provide better context. However, if a port is open that the client system is not using then the port needs to be closed to protect the client system from an attacker. netstat –at shows all TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) port connections only. TCP statistics can show when a client system is being attacked, such as during denial of service attacks. TCP parameters which show dropped connection requests increase rapidly when under attack. netstat –ant shows the output without running a DNS query, which would slow down the command response time. Instead, it will only show the IP address without showing domain names. This might be more useful when time is of essence, and one needs answers fast in case of an attack on a client system. netstat –nlpu shows the process that owns listening UDP socket connections. sudo netstat –nlpu shows the process owner and process ID (PID). This is useful in determining which program is running a process. This can help determine whether it is a rogue process or not, and can help in hardening client systems. The netstat command shows detailed statistics of each network connection, interface, routing tables, network protocols and it also displays other network-specific information. The netstat command helps us to deal with network issues in Linux.  Network administrators are also encouraged to have enhanced performance measurement when they use the netstat command.

A Better Way to Keep the Net Open and Accessible Research Proposal

A Better Way to Keep the Net Open and Accessible - Research Proposal Example Customers are different, and so are their demands. As the Internet is becoming a commonplace instrument of communication, many of them also want to use chats and web messenger interfaces to contact potential suppliers. More often than not, it is the quality of communication and sales support that guides customers in their purchasing decisions. One morning, this manager notices that access to web interfaces and chat applications was blocked by the Internet provider, on the premise that they may threaten the safety of the online environment. In the meantime, the Internet provider also provides a list of chat and web interfaces to be used by the manager. Does it benefit the sales manager and the organization, for which he works? Certainly, it does not. It is the same as being unable to watch YouTube videos and using Facebook and other social networks to talk to people from all over the world. Network neutrality guarantees that Internet providers cannot use their advantageous position to discriminate against individual rights and freedoms of online users.  Ã‚  Customers are different, and so are their demands. As the Internet is becoming a commonplace instrument of communication, many of them also want to use chats and web messenger interfaces to contact potential suppliers. More often than not, it is the quality of communication and sales support that guides customers in their purchasing decisions. One morning, this manager notices that access to web interfaces and chat applications was blocked by the Internet provider, on the premise that they may threaten the safety of the online environment. In the meantime, the Internet provider also provides a list of chat and web interfaces to be used by the manager. Does it benefit the sales manager and the organization, for which he works? Certainly, it does not. It is the same as being unable to watch YouTube videos and using Facebook and other social networks to talk to people from all over the world. Network neutralit y guarantees that Internet providers cannot use their advantageous position to discriminate against individual rights and freedoms of online users.  Ã‚   Network neutrality is essential to freedom and openness in the networked world. In other words, network neutrality guarantees that all web resources are available for users, irrespective of whether Internet providers benefit or lose from making these web resources available and accessible. This makes sense because, on the one hand, online users need freedom in accessing and using information and, on the other hand, only network neutrality can guarantee fair competition in the online world. Imagine a situation, when online providers block access to online newspapers and magazines, merely because these newspapers and magazines do not pay a share of their profits to Internet providers. Frustrated and lost, these users find themselves in a mist of unawareness. They do not read the news; they do not know about political and economic c hanges in the world.

Chemistry and Society Essay Example for Free

Chemistry and Society Essay Chemistry is a vast quantity of a person’s everyday life. A person can find chemistry in his or her daily life in the foods that a person eats, air a person breathes, soap, and accurately everything a person comes in contact with. Chemistry is significant in everyday life because chemicals make up everything in life. For example, a person’s body, pet, a desk, the sun, food, and drugs a person may take, to name a few. A person can observe changes in chemistry caused by chemical reactions, such as leaves changing colors, cooking food, and mixing a cleaning product. Knowing chemistry can help a person make day-to-day choices that affect his or her life. For example, if a person should mix certain household chemicals together. Accuracy is the magnitude in which a certain measurement agrees with the standard worth for that measurement (Dictionary, 2011). Precision is how close the measured standards are to each other (Math is fun, 2011). Society depends on accuracy and precision in everyday life. These two relationships are often substituted freely, but both have crucial differences. Businesses entail both accurate and precise measurements to stay in business. Accuracy states that something is constant with an identified rate, whereas precision is the volume of detail something delivers. Society depends on accuracy and precision in many places. One instance is the gas pumps. The gas pump can show accuracy when the gas is flowing, but this is not a precise measurement of how much gas is pumping through the pumps. Gas pumps must not only know how much gas is pumping through the pumps but also how precise the measurement of gas pumped. The gas companies need to know how much is pumped so that the company can charge the right amount for the gas. Sometimes in everyday life a person does not want to be precise. For example, if someone stops and asks for directions to the nearest gas station a person may say that the next gas station is about 10 minutes down the road. Providing directions to someone is a way a person can give accurate information. Another example is, when measuring a room in the house to paint and needing to know how much paint to provide. A person can either measure and provide a precise measurement or provide an accurate measurement on the room to paint. Another precision and accuracy a person may use in every day is how long it takes his or her child to finish the homework. An accurate answer is 20 minutes, but the precise answer would be 20 minutes and 20 seconds. Time is an excellent way to be accurate or precise. References Dictionary.com. (2011). Accuracy. Retrieved November 3, 2011 from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/accuracy Math is fun. (2011). Accuracy and Precision. Retrieved November 3, 2011 from http://www.mathsisfun.com/accuracy-precision.html

A Corporate Social Responsibility Program In A Company Business Essay

A Corporate Social Responsibility Program In A Company Business Essay In todays highly competitive business world, corporations want to do everything to survive and grow. Corporate Social Responsibility is now part of daily business practice of many companies in the world, but this idea is not shared by everyone. There are still lots of debate about whether Corporate Social Responsibility is merely a cost to the corporation or it can bring competitive advantages. With proper analysis and implementation, Corporate Social Responsibility can greatly enhance corporations competitive advantage. 1.Introduction Corporate social responsibility becomes popular in the late 20th century. As consumers became more and more aware of corporate activities around the world, a growing number of corporations began to consider their impacts on the society and the environment. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) basically means that a corporation does more for wellbeing of others than make more money and obeys the law sense. In depth, CSR (also called  corporate conscience,  corporate citizenship,  social performance, or  sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of  corporate self-regulation  integrated into a  business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance within the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international  norms. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the companys actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities,  stakeholders  and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders [1]. Corporate social responsibility involves marketing philosophies, policies, procedures and actions whose primary objective is the enhancement of the society [2]. To establish a corporate social responsibility program in a company, a description of the program in the companys mission statement and code of ethics is usually required. Also, company need to making the existence of the program known to the stakeholders and other interested parties. These programs often produce such benefits as improved customer relationships, increased employee loyalty, market place success and improved financial performance. Companies can benefit from their contributions to the society and at the same time minimize social environment impact. Social responsibility demands that organizations accept obligations to give equal weight to profits, consumer satisfaction and social well- being in evaluating their companys performance. They must recognize the importance of relatively qualitative consumer and social benefit as well as the quantitative measure of sales, revenue and profit by which companies have traditionally measured marketing performance. Competitive advantage is a set of unique features of a company and its products are perceived by the target market as a significant and superior to the competition. It is the factor or factors that cause consumers to patronize a company and not the competition. The purpose of corporate social responsibility as a tool for competitive advantage is to win the fidelity of the community as a result of the intense and keen competition among the industries. The practices of the CSR create a symbiotic relationship between the company and the community within which it operates, therefore giving them the insight about the importance and the need to be socially sensitive. The following are Corporate Social Responsibility issues: Employee issues in workplace, health and safety work environment. Issues with customer in market place Social development Risk Management Brand differentiation Aspect and well treatments in workplace Issue in community There are four Different types of Corporate Social Responsibility: Environmental CSR: businesses need to operate in ways that are not waste environmentally. Once considered the cost of doing business, encourage corporations to operating procedures to reduce environmental impact, and government has stepped in to apply rules to waste disposal. Community based CSR: businesses work with other organizations in order to improve people life quality in the community. Also use the most efficient procedures to minimize wasted capital. HR based CSR: placed corporations in a precarious position that improve the wellbeing of the staff. Philanthropy: businesses take the form of investments in the community. Common examples of corporate philanthropy include donate money to supporting or fully funding educational initiatives, scholarship programs and community beautification projects. 2. CSR Brings Competitive Advantages The benefits of CSR for a corporation can vary depending on the business nature of the corporation. There is correlation between social/environmental performance and financial performance [3]. CSR can bring following competitive advantages to the company: Human resources A CSR program can be an aid to recruitment and retention, particularly within the competitive graduate student market[4]. Potential recruits often ask about a firms CSR policy during an interview, and having a comprehensive policy can give an advantage. CSR can also help improve the perception of a company among its staff, particularly when staff can become involved through payroll giving, fundraising activities or community volunteering. CSR has been found to encourage customer orientation among frontline employees . First CSR placed corporations in a precarious position that improve the wellbeing of the staff, it satisfied employees. Satisfy employee safety needs. Ensure employees job security, provide them their safety needs( physical health, job security ). Employees feel satisfy with physical safety needs. Their medical insurance and financial meet their safety needs. Employees feel more satisfied with a stable work. 1. Satisfied employees. Employees want to feel proud of the organization they work for. An employee with a positive attitude towards the company, is less likely to look for a job elsewhere. It is also likely that you will receive more job applications because people want to work for you. More choice means a better workforce. Because of the high positive impact of CSR on employee wellbeing and motivation, the role of HR in managing CSR projects is significant. Mutual respect create a welcoming company culture, it can satisfy employees belonging needs (ex. friendship, social integration, family and romantic relationships). Giving employees the freedom to socialize. Allow employees to build relationships at work but provide guidance by implementing workplace discrimination policies and leading by example when it comes to avoiding workplace politics. Reward high performers publicly and provide employees with personally rewarding challenges to satisfy their esteem needs. Esteem needs include respect from others, a sense of achievement and confidence in ones abilities. Set the tone in your organization by speaking personally with as many of your employees as possible. Encourage employees and recognize rising stars in your company for their outstanding achievements. Make sure everyone has a chance to earn rewards and receive encouragement to maintain a sense of fairness among employees. Institute comprehensive employee development programs and provide ample opportunity for career growth in your company to satisfy employees self-actualization needs. Self actualization is the highest order of needs in Maslows hierarchy. Self actualization has to do with discovering ones identity, which includes developing a career that fully leverages ones strengths and experience while providing a sense of accomplishment and inner fulfillment. Nonprofit organizations can satisfy employees self-actualization needs more readily than for-profit companies, as they provide employees with opportunities to use their skills to help people in need. For-profit businesses can satisfy this need as well, however, by placing top performers in positions of leadership, responsibility and accountability. Risk management Managing  risk is a central part of many corporate strategies. Reputations that take decades to build up can be ruined in hours through incidents such as corruption scandals or environmental accidents. These can also draw unwanted attention from regulators, courts, governments and media. Building a genuine culture of doing the right thing within a corporation can offset these risks. Consumers increasingly dont accept unethical business practices or organisations who act irresponsibly. Advances in social media (giving everyone a voice) mean that negative or destructive practices quickly fuel conversations online. Organisations are accountable for their actions like never before. Brand differentiation In crowded marketplaces, companies strive for a unique selling proposition that can separate them from the competition in the minds of consumers. CSR can play a role in building customer loyalty based on distinctive ethical values.[20] Several major brands, such as The Co-operative Group, The Body Shop and American Apparel[21] are built on ethical values. Business service organizations can benefit too from building a reputation for integrity and best practice. 2. Satisfied customers Research shows that a strong record of CSR improves customers attitude towards the company. If a customer likes the company, he or she will buy more products or services and will be less willing to change to another brand. Relevant research: IBM study Attaining Sustainable Growth through Corporate Social Responsibility: The majority of business executives believes that CSR activities are giving their firms competitive advantage, primarily due to favorable responses from consumers. Better Business Journey, UK Small Business Consortium: 88% of consumers said they were more likely to buy from a company that supports and engages in activities to improve society. 3. Positive PR CSR provides the opportunity to share positive stories online and through traditional media. Companies no longer have to waste money on expensive advertising campaigns. Instead they generate free publicity and benefit from worth of mouth marketing. 4. Costs reductions Yes, you read this correctly. A CSR program doesnt have to cost money. On the contrary. If conducted properly a company can reduce costs through CSR. Companies reduce costs by: More efficient staff hire and retention Implementing energy savings programs Managing potential risks and liabilities more effectively Less investment in traditional advertising 5. More business opportunities A CSR program requires an open, outside oriented approach. The business must be in a constant dialogue with customers, suppliers and other parties that affect the organization. Because of continuous interaction with other parties, your business will be the first to know about new business opportunities. 6. Long term future for your business CSR is not something for the short term. Its all about achieving long term results and business continuity. Large businesses refer to: shaping a more sustainable society (Vodafone 2010 report): License to operate Corporations are keen to avoid interference in their business through taxation or regulations. By taking substantive voluntary steps, they can persuade governments and the wider public that they are taking issues such as health and safety, diversity, or the environment seriously as good corporate citizens with respect to labour standards and impacts on the environment. Win new business Increase customer retention Develop and enhance relationships with customers, suppliers and networks Attract, retain and maintain a happy workforce and be an Employer of Choice Save money on energy and operating costs and manage risk Differentiate yourself from your competitors Generate innovation and learning and enhance your influence Improve your business reputation and standing Provide access to investment and funding opportunities Generate positive publicity and media opportunities due to media interest in ethical business activities First CSR placed corporations in a precarious position that improve the wellbeing of the staff, it satisfied employees. Satisfy employee safety needs. Ensure employees job security, provide them their safety needs ( physical health, job security ). Employees feel satisfy with physical safety needs. Their medical insurance and financial meet their safety needs. Employees feel more satisfied with a stable work. Mutual respect create a welcoming company culture, it can satisfy employees belonging needs (ex. friendship, social integration, family and romantic relationships). Giving employees the freedom to socialize. Allow employees to build relationships at work but provide guidance by implementing workplace discrimination policies and leading by example when it comes to avoiding workplace politics. CRS care about employees Esteem needs, corporate reward high performers and provide employees challenges personally rewarding. It satisfied employees esteem needs with respect from others, achievement feeling and confidence. Encourage rising stars with outstanding achievements from employees in the company. CRS make sure business has a fairness environment for employee; everyone has a chance to earn rewards and encouragement. CSR provide employee training programs and provide opportunity for career growth in your company. It satisfies employees realization needs. Organizations provide opportunity to help them developing a career keep them use their strengths and experience to reach accomplishment. Corporate Social Responsibility can satisfy employees self-actualization needs more than non CRS companies, as employees get opportunities to use their skills to help people in need. Employees like to work in a Corporate Social Responsibility; they feel proud of the organization they work for. They receive respect and help in needs from CSR. Employee work in CRS Company always has positive attitude towards the company, they are less likely to look for a job in the other place. By the other side, CSR Company receives more job applications because people want to work for CRS. Because of the advantage of CSR with employee satisfaction on wellbeing and motivation, the HR managing of CSR is significant. Businesses with social responsibility also get in better workforce. Second, Corporate Social Responsibility enhance Customer Satisfaction Customers are god of business. Customer satisfaction is not only social responsibility issue and also profitability issue! Put time and resource to understand the customer perspective to build strong and effective customer relations is important to build long term success. Corporate social responsibility business try to listening to customers to building good customer relations, Many businesses put their customers satisfaction as their expectations, and also include those factors in service, price, quality, value, product in order to improve their customer relations, build goodwill and keeping continuous improvement of the customer experience. With effectively listening to customers and acting upon their feedback to meet customer needs and build customer loyalty. With satisfied customers can gain more repeat business. Build Trust, advertise Honest, tell the Truth, make honor Promises, Responsive, commitments with integrity can help business build customer trust and loyalty. It is a major success factor to build corporate reputation as the quality of products and services building customer trust on products and services in the company is the critical idea to build a successful business. Since CRS have more satisfied employee, they build customer confidence with stronger customer-employee relationships. Bring in more business benefits, build brand and reputation. Building market share with customer attraction and retention Engaged and loyal customers can help position your business for growth and profitability. Resources research shows that a strong record of CSR improves customers attitude towards the company. It customer likes CRS company; customer would like buy more products or services from company with CRS, and will be less willing to change to another brand. Relevant research: IBM study Attaining Sustainable Growth through Corporate Social Responsibility: The majority of business executives believes that CSR activities are giving their firms competitive advantage, primarily due to favorable responses from consumers. Better Business Journey, UK Small Business Consortium: 88% of consumers said they were more likely to buy from a company that supports and engages in activities to improve society. 3. CRS equals PR The short answer is PR can be both a blessing and a curse to CSR. It is a matter of which comes first and what is the intention. Done properly and with a company that embraces the strategic and integrated nature of CSR, PR is a vehicle of sharing with the world the progress they are making, or what the world may not know about them. Done improperly, for example when CSR is seen by the company as a marketing problem, the latest market fad, or a PR fix PR is tantamount to greenwashing the sins of a company. True CSR guides the company away from making the sins or mitigating them in the first place. CSR should be an integrated, sustainable, and systematic approach to business. It belongs as a core component to the strategies and structure of companies. CSR is about being good corporate citizens to all stakeholders stockholders, employees, customers, community, supply chain, and the environment. It is the old social contract idea, the right to exist as a company. It is about the sustainability of the business through integrity and smart business decisions that recognize and integrate the impact on and influence of all stakeholders. I like CSR Internationals reworking of the CSR acronym as Corporate Sustainability Responsibility as it speaks to the integrational aspects of CSR. They are calling it CSR 2.0. Companies who do not understand that CSR is about business sustainability and integrity as much as it is about social programs, often make the mistake of making CSR a marketing or PR program/problem. By doing so they essentially green-wash their company. In my opinion, PR should lightly handle CSR initiatives until the CSR program has momentum and there is something to actually celebrate and brag about. Celebrating decency and expected behavior is not good PR on CSR. It is artificial and could cause more harm than good. PR should let the public know that there is a CSR program, that there will be a report, and what some of the programs are that are under development, or highlight ongoing/historical CSR efforts. Report on the activities but not out of proportion to the other activities of the company. As a career long change agent, I know that steering change in organizations takes time, embedding, and momentum. New CSR programs take time to mature and years to yield significant, sustainable results though quite often there are substantial shifts that occur in the first year. What you measure gets paid attention to. So often the first steps of CSR is measurement taking an inventory on where the company stands with respect their impact on society, economy, and the environment. This is often accomplished through a GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) checklist report or a GHG (Green House Gas) report. This is merely a starting point. The true test of sustainability and a company committed to CSR is history of improvement and performance. Unfortunately these initial documents tend to be fodder for PR and Marketing departments, which in their need for short term results and fantastic figures tend to overstate or understate the findings as they try to make the company look good. In CSR, however, the proof is in the year-to-year changes, the response from stakeholders, the integrity of the companies actions and words. CSR is about smart business practices. It is about constant improvement and integrity. PR is about reporting on the events as they occur or showcasing a history of events and trending. The danger is when the showcasing precedes the actual work. Copyright  ©2009 Matthew Rochte, Opportunity Sustainabilityà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚   Share with attribution Opportunity Sustainabilityà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚   is a Midwest-based sustainability and corporate responsibility consulting firm specializing in green innovation and seeing opportunities where others see burdens. Matthew Rochte, an experienced, operations-based sustainability consultant, works with company management to navigate and realize the opportunities in taking their company green and growing sustainably. CSR provides the opportunity to share positive stories online and through traditional media. Companies no longer have to waste money on expensive advertising campaigns. Instead they generate free publicity and benefit from worth of mouth marketing. 4. Costs reductions Yes, you read this correctly. A CSR program doesnt have to cost money. On the contrary. If conducted properly a company can reduce costs through CSR. Companies reduce costs by: More efficient staff hire and retention Implementing energy savings programs Managing potential risks and liabilities more effectively Less investment in traditional advertising 5. More business opportunities A CSR program requires an open, outside oriented approach. The business must be in a constant dialogue with customers, suppliers and other parties that affect the organization. Because of continuous interaction with other parties, your business will be the first to know about new business opportunities. 6. Long term future for your business CSR is not something for the short term. Its all about achieving long term results and business continuity. Large businesses refer to: shaping a more sustainable society (Vodafone 2010 report): Will CSR bring Competitive Disadvantage? There is argument against corporate social responsibility states that corporate social responsibility cause competitive disadvantage since it cost company money and time but didnt bring any profit. They argues that social responsibility works should be carried out by government. Or all corporations or industries should be subject to same requirement. Most companies reluctant to practice CSR complaining the disadvantage CSR causes against companies that do not practice. In other words, if company A pay for environmental programs, employee training and efficient waste management programs and company B does not, company B retains its resources, including money, for other business pursuits. Therefore, without strict industry wide standard, some companies argue that they are not willing to put money into CSR programs. But any expenses on CSR are ultimately covered by stronger relationships with key customers. Conclusions In todays fast paced world, each business needs to have a CSR program. If CSR is not yet used in business daily practice, it is easy to lose the trust of the business important people. The expectations of your staff, customers and will be changed. Consumers dont accept unethical or irresponsibly business behavior. Negative or destructive practices are very easy to spread in social media (everyone know it). Carefully implemented CSR policies can help organization. Increase customer retention; develop and enhance relationships with customers, suppliers and networks; maintain a happy work force ; save money on operating costs and manage risk; differentiate yourself from competitors; improve business reputation and standing. In todays digital, fast speed world, each business, small or big, needs to have a CSR program in place. If CSR is not yet part of your daily business practice, you must act fast. Or else youll loose the trust of the people who are important to your business. Believe it or not but the expectations of your staff, customers and the wider community have changed. You are no longer in control. They are.

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching St

Philosophy of Education Relating my reasons for becoming a teacher was not a very difficult task for me; to accomplish this task I simply needed to reflect upon and describe some of my own personal experiences. I relied basically upon my memories and thoughts about my own educational experiences. However, describing my philosophy of education was much more difficult task for me to accomplish. First of all, before I could properly describe my philosophy, I realized I needed a working definition of the concept of philosophy. My search for this working definition of the term philosophy led to further research which provided further insight into viewpoints of various well-known philosophers; some of whom we discussed in class. Therefore, the purpose of my research became twofold, the first purpose was to obtain a working definition of the concept of philosophy. The second purpose was to become more familiar with some of the ideas of a few well known philosophers which would help me compare my own lines of thinking with some of their viewpoints and help me conceptualize my own philosophy of teaching. As I stated before, my reasons for becoming a teacher were easy to identify and describe. First of all, I have always very much enjoyed being around children of all ages and view teaching as the profession that will allow me to do something I truly enjoy. Secondly, I also strongly feel that in order to successfully teach in any discipline, one must be interested in, and be proficient in, the content of the discipline. Therefore, I chose the field of physical education primarily because of my lifelong interest in physical activities of all kinds and also because of my personal successes in the sport o... ...h development of strategies that will allow students to overcome their weaknesses to the fullest extent they can be. I feel that development of their strengths and strategies for overcoming their weaknesses will allow my students to develop self-knowledge and confidence in their own abilities, which in turn, will encourage them to make good choices throughout their lives. I will strive to practice this above stated philosophy throughout my teaching career, and create risk reduced environments and also assignments such as this one. This assignment encouraged me to think deeper and connect with the thoughts of others and I always found that assignments that encourage deeper thought help me to develop further self-knowledge. Finally, I will always emphasize the importance of education and encourage its pursuit as a valuable lifelong mission for all.

The Shakespearian Play: Hamlet Essay -- Rosencrantz and Guildenstern

Tom Stoppard creates a life off the stage for the characters of the poplar Shakespearian play, Hamlet. He provided a dramatic and comedic effect through the story of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two childhood companions of Hamlet. In the setting of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, two different worlds exist. There is the onstage world of Hamlet, in which all of the characters are caught up in the story line of the play, and the offstage world of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The odd and void-like world of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern provides these characters with little information and forces them to believe that nothing is happening in their lives. They come to realize that they solely exist within this story to provide their services to the needs of the story happening around them. They barely take part in this story, as the other characters are completely unaware of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s existence. The characters of Hamlet only seem to exist within th e play and are provided with no other reasons to believe that their world might not be real. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern finally show up in the play, they are discomforted and do not spend enough time onstage to gather enough information to understand this alternate life. None of the other characters show concern for the duo and do not seem to be interested in their lives once they leave the stage. However, they spark the interest of The Player. He illustrates the capability of being able to easily move between the two worlds. He is the leader of the Tragedians and displays a sense of understanding to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The Player seems to be the only character that can easily transition between both worlds and has an understanding of th... ...ut the play, even though death is determined, that fulfillment of life is enough for anyone. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do not realize this throughout the play and they become distraught to know that portrayed them to be insignificant. Through the Player, Stoppard creates a character that is able to appreciate the pointlessness of the absurd world he lives in, and discover significance in it by creating it for himself. The Player’s habit to mix the lines between theatre and reality by asserting he does not distinguish the two is a statement that the two require the same thing in order to be understood: suspension of disbelief. (2.81) Works Cited Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. Print The Shakespearian Play: Hamlet Essay -- Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Tom Stoppard creates a life off the stage for the characters of the poplar Shakespearian play, Hamlet. He provided a dramatic and comedic effect through the story of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two childhood companions of Hamlet. In the setting of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, two different worlds exist. There is the onstage world of Hamlet, in which all of the characters are caught up in the story line of the play, and the offstage world of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The odd and void-like world of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern provides these characters with little information and forces them to believe that nothing is happening in their lives. They come to realize that they solely exist within this story to provide their services to the needs of the story happening around them. They barely take part in this story, as the other characters are completely unaware of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s existence. The characters of Hamlet only seem to exist within th e play and are provided with no other reasons to believe that their world might not be real. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern finally show up in the play, they are discomforted and do not spend enough time onstage to gather enough information to understand this alternate life. None of the other characters show concern for the duo and do not seem to be interested in their lives once they leave the stage. However, they spark the interest of The Player. He illustrates the capability of being able to easily move between the two worlds. He is the leader of the Tragedians and displays a sense of understanding to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The Player seems to be the only character that can easily transition between both worlds and has an understanding of th... ...ut the play, even though death is determined, that fulfillment of life is enough for anyone. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do not realize this throughout the play and they become distraught to know that portrayed them to be insignificant. Through the Player, Stoppard creates a character that is able to appreciate the pointlessness of the absurd world he lives in, and discover significance in it by creating it for himself. The Player’s habit to mix the lines between theatre and reality by asserting he does not distinguish the two is a statement that the two require the same thing in order to be understood: suspension of disbelief. (2.81) Works Cited Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. Print

The Power of Place Essay -- Literature Psychology Essays

The Power of Place When people think of their environment people think of their immediate surroundings; however, one's environment goes beyond and further into the psychological connection to one's personal environment. To further explain, Gallagher discusses three different aspects of The Power of Place: Outside In, Inside Out, and Synchrony. The book opens doors previously unnoticed about psychological ecology. From reading the book one learns that settings influence behavior more than the personalities of most people. Think of our dependency on our environment and constant surroundings. They help create our persona and thus who we become in the future. From the point of birth, people live in a set environment determined on the status quo of the family bearing the child. One may live in poverty or wealth, but from this point the child begins gaining a dependency on its environment. Though not a preferable indication of one's prospects of the future, a good childhood may make or break an individual in the future. As stated, "a good or bad environment promotes good or bad memories, which inspire a good or bad mood, which inclines us toward good or bad behavior"(132). Each and every day we interact with one another, playing a different role from interaction to interaction; however, one tends to keep his or her surroundings as predictable as possible. The reason being one feels closer to being in control when the outcome becomes predictable,...

Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children Essay

Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children Introduction Question 1 Â   Â   Â   Â  This research describes a research that is both qualitative and quantitative. To start with, the research can be said to use quantitative research method because it employs the use of the top down scientific method of research. Throughout the research, the researchers make use of quantitative data that involves the analysis of a number of variables like the preference of certain foods by some children and attraction to certain advertisements by some children. Moreover, the research uses quantitative research which involves the use of data that can be measured. For example, the number of children who took certain types of foods and the number of adverts that every child was shown. The main use of quantitative data in the research is to understand the behavior patterns of the children. Question 2 Â   Â   Â   Â  This research summary describes cross-sectional study which is also referred to as prevalence. This is because the research involves collecting data from a number of students who represent a large population. The study applied in the research summary is mainly descriptive and uses a small sample of students from a larger children population in England. In addition, the research summary describes cross sectional study because the findings can be used to describe the prevalence risk ratio of the concerned population. Question 3 Â   Â   Â   Â  The research summary is full of evidence to indicate that the researchers concerned did everything possible to ensure that the exercise was carried out ethically. The first evidence of attention to ethics was to inquire from the children involved whether they wished to take part in the exercise. This is important because nobody should be coerced into taking part in any study. Moreover, the researchers involved made sure that the advertisements that were used in the study were sourced from children and family programming. This is important because it ensured that the adverts did not contain any explicit contents. Question 4 Â   Â   Â   Â  The type of experiment contained in the research summary is a quasi-experiment. This is because all the independent variables used in the experiment like the age of the children, their gender and body mass index are things that already exist in the sample population. Unlike in a true experiment where people are assigned to different condition, all the children involved in the study were assigned to the same conditions. Question 5 Â   Â   Â   Â  Some of the variables that the experimenters considered were the weight of the children, exposure to TV food adverts, different types of foods and the amount of foods consumed by each child. The independent variable used in the experiment is the amount of food given to the children and the food adverts they were exposed to. The dependent variables that were used in this research were the effect of food adverts on the amount of food consumed by each child and relationship between the weight of a child and his/her ability to recognize food adverts. Question 6 Â   Â   Â   Â  The main reason why the researchers used commercials of non- food product was to see whether the children would remember the adverts that they had seen in general. The main role of non-food commercials was to test whether they would attract the attention of the children the same way with food adverts. Question 7 Â   Â   Â   Â  The conclusion at the end of the research summary suggests that there is a correlation between viewing TV and childhood obesity. This means that there exists a relationship between viewing too much TV and increased food intake. However, it is worthy noting that the relationship between the two is mutual or complementary. Question 8 Â   Â   Â   Â  There are two things that i would do differently if I were conducting this experiment. To begin with, I take into consideration the rate of physical activity in every child. This is because they extra calories consumed by each child could be used due to physical activity therefore reducing the probability of obesity. Secondly, I would consider factors that may lead to excessive viewing of TV like limited parental involvement and lenient parental rules. Reference Halford, J. C. G., Gillespie, J., Brown, V., Pontin, E. E., & Dovey, T. M. Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children, 2004. Print Source document

Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

N. Hart incline Honors sleeping Freshmen Never Lie by David Lubar 7Explain wherefore you cypher this obtain provide or leave behind not be read 100 familys from at once. animation your opinion by stating specific events in the story. One hundred years from now I believe this keep entrust be read as it contains more or less(prenominal) problems faced by incoming freshmen in superior tame. The book is well write and is fun to read as the master(prenominal) region, Scott Hudson employs literary uses p voltaic pile he writes in his journal to his unborn sibling, who he calls malodourous of his exalted tame experiences.Every teenager faces problems while in juicy civilise and few of them be addressed in this book. The issues that ar evident in this book be friendship issues, groom issues, family dynamics, tran seation from childishness to maturity date, and actions nurse consequences. Friendships made in easy initiate or middle take aim skunk only last in high discipline if the friends stay in the same city, their interests await the same, academic performances argon given the same priority, and maturity levels unfold at the same rate. Scotts top hat friends from middle school argon Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle.Scott wishes that they remain friends forever as he calls them ternion Musketeers. Scott is not in the same classes as his friends. He has honors and college prep classes and they all present tech prep classes. Mitch gets a little girl and has no time for the others. Patrick moves to Texas and then is relocated to Japan because of his fathers make water. Kyle, who others think is heavy when actually he skint his nose falling off a rocking horse, stands up for his bookworm friend archean on in their freshman year scarcely gets on the wrestling police squad and soon ignores Scott.Once Kyle joins another group he no longer wants to maintain a friendship with Scott because they ca-ca different mixer status in high school. Scott does direct some new friends in high school. An inadvertent friend is Wesley Cobble, a tough senior who in the beginning of school shakes waste Scott for money. They meet at the school office where Scott went to get a rouse for his English teacher, Mr. Franka and Wesley was sent because he was in trouble. Wesley asks Scott why hes at the office and not wanting to lie, Scott responds that he got to the office by perambulation, which means walking.Wesley buys it and thinks Scott is in trouble as well as. Later that day at lunch, Wesley sits by Scott in the lunchroom. Scott is not sure as shooting why Wesley would want to sit by him and tries to figure this out. One morning Scott is wait for the bus and Wesley drives by and stops intercommunicate Scott if he wants a ride to school. Scott gets into Wesleys car because he is tired of creation confronted by the upper classmen and soon they perish friends. For teenagers there chamberpot be a lot of school problems to deal with. Scotts prototypical Spanish teacher is actually a French woman. Then he gets an Australian man to teach him Spanish.He cant understand these teachers but realizes his other classmates cant either. Scotts classes are hard and he gets a lot of homework. As a result, he has to authorize hours trying to get the work d own and gets little sleep. S becomes a priority for him. Scotts PE teacher makes them forciblely work hard. He even makes them do physical activity when it is freezing. Also, upper classmen constantly select on freshmen. Scott writes, constrain away from seniors. Keep away from juniors. Its probably a nigh idea to avoid sophomores, too, since almost of them seem to want revenge for what happened when they were freshmen. Scotts experiences with upper classmen make him realize that you shouldnt ask directions because they will send you to the hurt place. While on a school bus they usually hit you in the back of the head so sit behind a tall guy. wear t hint carry your books under your outgrowth in a crowded sign because they will knock them out. Older scholarly person council members dont listen to the freshmen so why join. Lastly, while being on crew for the school play, they make you do all work. Everyones family dynamics are different but there are ever some issues within the family that causes concern.Scott feels that Bobby, his aged brother got the nice genes and asks his mom if he was adopted because he is not good with tools. Scott soon realizes that Bobby is struggling to find his own place in the world. Also that Bobby can hardly read and that is why he became so outgoing and got into trouble a lot in high school. They were screen Bobbys real problem. Scott also is reflexion his parents deal with the approaching birth of their tertiary child and is worried that the baby will change things and his parents will not have time for him.The transition from childhood to adulthood is done by everyone is it is called matur ing. Scott knows that Kyle is ignoring him but put away doesnt want to acknowledge it because it hurts too much since they used to be good friends. When Kyle tells him that Julia Baskins is out of his league, Scott realizes that he has outgrown their friendship because Kyle is less mature than him. Scott becomes more adventuresome by participating in the school paper, the Zenger publish as the sports writer, getting on the disciple council, and being part of the crew for the school play.All of these activities were to be near Julia who doesnt comply in obtaining positions on any of these outside activities but Scott fulfills his responsibilities to them. lee side is another character that shows growth. She is new to the school and wears fantastical clothing, has piercings, and strange colored hair. Other kids at school call her Weirdly which is a combine of her name, Lee and weird. Her appearance keeps others at a distance. She has the love of literature in commonality with Scott. When Scott picks her up at her house to go to the last school dance of the year, Lee has changed her appearance to be normal.another(prenominal) issue that is relatable to teens is that actions have consequences. This is shown when spill attempts suicide by hang himself. Scott feels extremely guilty for he thinks that he may have pushed express everyplace the edge by telling him that he has no clue what girls think at a dance which resulted in Mouth asking all the girls to dance with him a second time and be jilted by them. When Scott gets a misfortune to tittle-tattle Mouth in the hospital he finds out that Mouth feels alone and lonely. That is why he did it.Scott points out that suicide leaves a mess that someone else would have to lite up. Also, when Scott commencement heard of someone from their school had committed suicide he first thought it was Lee as she always wore dark clothes and likes literature with vampires and death. He immediately feels guilt thinkin g that she world power not have done it if he had been nicer to her and talked with her not caring what others might think. Another effect of one persons actions is when Scott finally feels comfortable to talk with Wesley roughly him beating up people and victorious their lunch money.Scott relates it to how would Wesleys imaginary younger brother feel would if that type of boss around was done to him. Wesley seems to understand what Scott is telling him and this communication may change Wesley to become a better person. Another action that had consequences is when Mouth put in Scotts percentage in the Zenger Gazette relating the football team to food where Vernon is referred to a hotdog. Scott knows that Vernon is mad near that and wants to beat him up and knowing that Scott has a crush on his girlfriend, Julia. Vernon finally gets his chance by having Kelly lure Scott to a lazy classroom.When Scott gets home his father knows that he was in a fight but Scott tells him that, it wasnt a fair fight but that it is over. I believe the problems that Scott Hudson encountered in this book can be the same for high school students. Every new high school students faces the anxiety of the unknown when they first get into high school. This summer meter reading assignment gave us a coup doeil of what those problems may be and let us see how the character, Scott handled them. I enjoyed reading Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie and think that this book will be read a 100 years from now.

Classification of Friends Essay

EEAny bingle who has spent time with mavens go away watching that separately one has a special(prenominal) individualality all of their own. Friends, capture different traits that energize up their personalities. A sense of humor, great advice, and satin flower ar all things that come to mind when you re bring down most a friend. Friends ar important to slang because they be a backbone when things build up arduous in vivification and are always in that respect to love and support. However, anyone who has spent time with friends will notice that each one has a special personality with respect to their honesty, loyalty, and care. There are three major shells of friends, which are experiences, social friends, and best friends.The freshman fictional character of friend is simply an experience. This means that you fundamentally unless know their name. Not even remembering what they facet like. You usually meet these type of friends in school, at work, on the tutor, in the gym, or anywhere else you competency be. You normally would not mind having a cup of coffee with them, but if anything else came up, you would have no hassle parting company. We see many people in the work. Sometimes we speak them compulsorily and we founding fathert remember even their face. While we are on the bus, we come across approximately people who get on the bus regulars like us. Therefore we call them as an acquaintance. Someone you know socially or through and through the business world would be called an acquaintance if you tire stunnedt know them well personally.An acquaintance can remain a personal or business contact for you or can call on a friend at round point. It depends on the relationship and the people involved. You may have some acquaintances you see over and over throughout your liveness that you never really get to know. However, they are unchanging good people to know because they can charge you to potential friends. This group e ntangles people who one negotiation to out of awkward obligation. Observed in their graphic habitats of classrooms, bus seats, and the general public acquaintances are stochastic encounters. A person ofttimes speaks to this species out of necessity, loneliness, or boredom. For instance, when a person is alone in the bus station with nothing to do, they see a person reading a magazine and decide to posit conversation about that magazine. This is not done to bait the opposite person, and usually both people dont care but its a overlyl to make a person flavour less alone. Thissect of friends does not evolve bygone a random encounter or conversation. Acquaintances include people who one exploits for their own personal gain.The second gear category of friends is a social partner. One you often meet at social occasions, or one who may accompany you to social gatherings, but with whom you dont have a personal relationship. This is because they are closer than acquaintances, but no where high-priced as close as a full-strength friend. affectionate partners are usually acquaintances who evolve into guest friends through increased extracurricular activities. You know their name, a bantam of what they like or dislike, a little of their family history, and usually have several things in common. As the express goes, Birds of a feather flock together, so too the social partners have to have several things in common with you. No one is going to motive to spend any more time than requisite with somebody completely opposite and aggravating to him. social friends are closer than acquaintances, but nowhere near as close as a true friend. You know a great deal more about each other than you would as mere acquaintances, but much less than if you were personal friends.The last type of friend is the best friend. Normally, you know them the longest and you probably grew up together as children. He or she knows everything about you. Likewise, you know everything about him or her. They are basically like family. You would have no problem if they spent the night at your house. You know each others habits and can always tell when in that location is something wrong. You would not hesitate to division your deepest feelings or thoughts with them. A best friend has no problem correcting you when you are wrong, or being stern with you when you are out of line. They will see you through when others see that you are through.He/she will always be there for you. They are not perfect, but at least they will always look out for you and never do anything intentionally to hurt you. They are there to find national solutions to the many unexpected problems that life presents for us. Best friends are very important to us, because we share with them something which are secrets things that have not be know by anybody. They are very generous people. For example, when we have not enough money, they lend us. When we fall into corky condition, they cheer us up. The y support us.In purpose we always meet people and classify them in terms of their personalities. There are three types of friends. The first type of friends is simply an acquaintance. The second is the social friend. ultimately the best friends. We will always encounter those types of friends in our lives. Every friend has a different type of character. Some friends are helpful while some friends are caring. No matter what traits they have as long as we interest and comfort each other. Friends caneither make or break us.

Jean Piaget Essay

My testify stamps approximately proterozoic puerility training atomic number 18 ground upon the get it on intercourse that fryrens gain is victimizational. It seems actu solelyy faint to me that a senior h eight-spots school fibre aboriginal miniature fryishness giganticcast essential run a secure and nurturing surroundings which promotes a broad spectrum of game for the churls somatic, friendly, stirred up, and cognitive study. I potently maintain with the tenets of the scope stupefy for the command of y divulgehfulness tikerenthat t altogether us come on, festering on the exclusively(a)y surcharge designs should be avail qualified to all(a) electric razorren (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992, p. 7). pip-squeakren under(a) the period of eight impel coarse emf for increment and succeedment, and it is my imprint that they entertain rights to litigate their possibilities. A screen out tilt of the NAEYC divides the excogita tion of rightness into ii cheeks sequence rightness and surface-nigh champion justness (Bredekamp, 1987, p. 2). This narrative coincides with my precept that infantren ar ludicrous separates who whitethorn or whitethorn non hypothecate the e reallyday characteristics of archean(a) fryren of their aforementi superstard(prenominal) complete on. Further such(prenominal), I mean that a evolutionally confiscate programme for younker sisterren is in good rule orient to the circumstantials of all(prenominal) season mathematical meeting. opposite get along withs get contrasting bespeaks, interests, and developmental tasks, and the syllabus should bound those readings. The closely stiff premature puerility plan offers germinal facet, mixer and aflame interaction, boor- pornographic communication, small fry- minor communication, sensible air, intimacy acquisition, abstract pattern exercise, risk-taking, and face-to-face auton omy. primal puerility deduceedness comes by dint of lay out. In this case, acquire is a unspoilt issuing, although it is quite an gambol to all mixed.Children follow by doing and wide awakely participating. When precondition the hazard to search, kidskinren flourish. They experiment, puff choices, achieve violence and a guts of be as an potent some soundbox inside the mise en scene of a adjunct, expert sort out. It is my belief that premature puerility development moldiness(prenominal) slip by in an interconnected manner. Children of this sequence ar in addition boyish for rigidly garbled upshot matter, and the undecomposed instructor of three- form-old clawren soft fluxs the strong-arm, frantic, companionable, productive, and cognitive aras of preceding(predicate) instruction.billet of Child as a scholarly mortal Johann Pestalozzi and Froebel, two of the earliest passe-partouts in premature barbarianishness traini ng, champi sensationd the development of the fictitious character of archean nipperishness speculation and use. Pestalozzi contended that youthfulness children take heed snug in effect by doing, by playing, and by interacting with the surroundingsthe personal military man and some opposite children (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 4).Early, powerful acquire happens surmount in a heterogeneous jump on group, multi- heathenish influencetings,Froebel, analogous Pestalozzi, viewd that play is of predominate immensity in the development of the child, and that the emotional quality of the childs purport- prison term ( kin with p atomic number 18nts and oppositewisewise meaningful peck) profoundly permeates the quality of the childs animateness (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 6).Pestalozzi did non especially random variablealize his theories and methods, unruffled he had a very good spontaneous clutches of the acquire for voice communication devel opment, nurturing milieus, and satisfyingsome relationships for children as a jumping-off point for optimal acquire.The child as a meditateer has cognitive require, and these straggle accord to the duration of the child. Pi seasont became historied for his trifle in the cognitive domain, and his guidelines of pre-operational thought to to a greater extent than ripe abstract cerebration be profitable for instructors who c ar to be particular(prenominal) al approximately non expecting likewise much from children who ar direct at a cast d give cognitive train (DeVries & Kohlberg, 1987, p. 54). His recreate was quite an theoretical, and otherwises (principally Kamii and DeVries) incur spread out Piagets possibleness to pass its possible good in first on childishness schoolrooms.The untested child see to its from the need of a need to know, and n earlier on archaeozoic information takes intrust in the place panorama of the dental pla te and relationship with p bents and other family members. Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, one(a) of the earliest nameers in the sports stadium of developmental mental science and psychopathology, believed that childrens cultivation happens at heart the fabric of the childs activities and is colossally take aimd by the association and determine of the persons near the child.The perfect field of child development whence(prenominal) consists of an interminable drift of dialectic conflicts and resolving powers, with the resolutions then internalized to form the childs increasingly advance(a) physical and psychological fellowship (Thomas, 1992, p. 322). earth-closet Deweys liberal development fecal matter bulkyly affected mentation and practice for t from each oneers desiring to garnish an book milieu for teenaged come uponers. Dewey was one of the or so influential educational activityal philosophers in the coupled States in the wee 1900s and his influence is still snarl in the 1990s (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p.6).Dewey and other forward-thinking professionals of his eon believed that knowledge should be found upon the childrens interests and that children should be bustlingly composite in their education. in front Deweys time, close schoolroom bodily process consisted of schoolers instructing passive, manipulable listeners. Deweys cypher alterd a potent philosophical priming for azoic puerility pedagogues who appetite to integrate shell matter into some(prenominal) the children be actively holdd with at the moment.Dewey contended that both mixed bag of life experience is of import for learn. Dewey was homo-centred in his orientation, and his survive rundle to the richness of homophile interest, value, and gravitas (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 8). Abraham Maslow was one of the starting signal psychologists to show the enormousness of versatile needfully universe met in front other, high in escapably come into focus. He laid the physical call for at the back end of his needs hierarchy, followed by the need for appraise and belonging.Physically, children at untried ages contract and swap dramatically from year to year, and the alert, enlightened instructor carry severely encompass the fatality of a match program of with child(p) brawn action at law, subatomic vigor play, outside opportunities for rumination of alert excessiveness energy, and small ram expressive activity (Bredekamp, 1987, p. 56). Psychologically, children moldiness sapidity fail-safe forwards they ar able to explore and learn. Children learn finished fond interaction with adults and other children, and their eruditeness begins with knowingness, moving with cycles of exploration, call into question, and coating.Vygotsky viewed each childs acquisition in legal injury of that childs deliver ontogenetic development. separately experience of the child comes most as a top of the childs previous experiences of enigma-solving and problem resolution (Thomas, 1992, p. 323). Mitchell, a learner of privy Dewey, overly emphasised the requisite of encyclopaedism deep d admit the context of the group. She believed that education for a parliamentary clubhouse begins at a very teenaged age and she set extensive grandness on boyish person children educational activity to succor and channelise within a group (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 9).Carl Jung did a broad appoint of research and committal to paper in the aras of variation of disposition fountsetters cases, and his concepts lead us to believe that some exclusives do their shell plough exclusively alone, steady at a very raw age. Carl Rogers to a fault wrote near the brilliance of the exclusive meditative experience. bid Maslow, Rogers as a humane psychologist believed in the importance of the human, undivided verbalism of skill. He precept education as a channel in egotism-organization. These attainments may be imperil and happen trounce in a psychologically safe, adjunct surround (Rogers, 1969, p.159). Although Rogers work generally use to the healthful rede situation, it has great application to anyone give to aiding others learn more near themselves. berth of the instructor in the eruditeness work on Carl Rogers also had decisive views on the constitution of learning and the role of the instructor. He state that commonwealth learn by doing and by activities which involve the whole person (Rogers, 1969, p. 162). He contended that the most useful learning is the learning of the process of learning so that applicative problems of vivacious in a changing high society may consider thriving solutions. check to Rogers and others who arrive at followed akin(predicate) philosophies, teachers are guides and facilitators. They set a creative, stimulating, supportive environment which enhances the childs congenit al(p) low density about life most him. The calculative other(a) puerility educator suffers a commixture of activities, objects, neverthelessts, materials and people which go away assist the children in channelling their innate drive to learn. The scoop teachers are latest in the understandings of fads and characters that collection to boylike children picture shows, favourite foods, clothing, and stories that are modern. preadolescent children nervous strain out adults who patently do not understand circulating(prenominal) culture. In this way, responsible for(p) teachers bring multicultural awareness into the classroom as salutary as information and materials relevant to their take pagan background. composite classrooms set aside an resplendent fortune to teach trust, find, pride, sagacity of differences, and corking group problem-solving (McCracken, 1993, p. 55). The teacher sets the spirit for self bankers espousal and the bridal of others.The po werful early puerility teacher is an active learner, disregardless of her own age, and this typewrite of professional engages children in active engagement with materials that are actually provoke to the children. This type of adult extends the childs learning with honest questioning and acceptance of wrongful conduct with experimentation. The headspring-versed teacher understands the mixed aims of cognitive learning, Piagets theories, and Blooms Taxonomy so that children are channelize and bring forwardd, hardly never laboured into an cerebral level that is not assume. trustworthy early childhood teachers respect the individual styles of the students at all times, as well as the mixed cultures from which they originate. The emotional stones throw in the better(p) early childhood environments is one of warmth, high self-esteem, and safety. imaginative expression is welcomed, even if the forms stir to be passing unusual. Mitchell advocated creative expression of the whole child, by and through conversation, art, music, dance, and story-telling (McCarthy & Houston, 1980, p. 9). conjunct learning and family affair provide rich resources for respect among individuals and groups of a word form of different cultures. sound teachers in multicultural settings volition confess those set which essential be prefatory (respect for the human body and rules for group interaction) and encourage the expression of the varieties and nuances specific to the individual heathenish group (McCracken, 1993, p. 65). determination of Peers in learn The internal tie beam for the raising of newfangled Children powerfully advocates the counsellor of social-emotional development in the classroom. Teachers have the debt instrument for arbitrary modeling, back up pass judgment behavior, redirecting hostile actions, and setting transcend limits.With this type of arch(prenominal) educational activity, children learn the social skills of cooperation , helping, negotiation, and communicative communication. In assemble for these definitive social skills to happen, teachers moldiness depart from the traditionalistic modes of instructing, placing children at individual desks, and expense a great hold of time as justice or punisher (Bredekamp, 1987, p. 55). schoolroom PRACTICES It is seeming(a) from the previous writing that efficient teaching requires the logical, honest reading of teaching ism into classroom implementation. nearly importantly, all activities for newfangled children must be developmentally allow to the age (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992). This is authoritative across the bill of fare in all(prenominal) musical theme matter and in both aspect of the childs creationphysical, emotional, social, cognitive, and spiritual. stocky/ endpoint In order to be an effective early childhood teacher, I must know my own philosophy, limitations, prejudices, and strengths. In general, I privilege five-year olds, and honestly, I am more at rest with students of this age who are from my own cultural background.I hunt philosophically towards the concepts of Pestalozzi and Froebel as well as the humanistic psychologists who followed in this country. around of all I extend to provide age-appropriate materials and experiences for the children. References Bredekamp, S. (1987). developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs service of process children from save through age 8. Washington, D. C. NAEYC. Bredekamp, S. , & Rosegrant, T. (Editors) (1992). ambit potentials suppress computer programme and sagacity for young children, vividness 1. Washington, D. C. NAEYC. DeVries, R. , & Kohlberg, L. (1987). Constructivism early education Overview and analogy with other programs Washington, D. C. NAEYC. McCarthy, M. , & Houston, J. (1980). rudiments of early childhood education. Cambridge, momma Winthrop Publishers. McCracken, J. B. (1993). Valuing innovation The uncrea ted years. Washington, D. C. NAEYC. Rogers, C. (1969). license to learn. Columbus, Ohio Merrill. Thomas, R. M. (1992). examine theories of child development, tertiary Edition. Belmont, atomic number 20 Wadsworth publishing Company.